Palabras clave
COVID-19
Global Burden of Disease
PRevalencia
Colombia
Enfermedades crónicas
Salud pública
Emergencia
Cómo citar
Resumen
OBJETIVOS: Analizar las tendencias de mortalidad por asma en Colombia entre 1990 y 2021, y evaluar la repercusión de la pandemia por COVID-19 durante el período 2020-2021.
MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional, llevado a cabo a partir del análisis datos del Global Burden of Disease 2021 para estimar la prevalencia, mortalidad y años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALYs), estandarizados por edad en Colombia. Adicionalmente, se analizaron los registros de mortalidad cruda por asma correspondientes al período 2015-2023 del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Las tendencias temporales se evaluaron mediante regresión Joinpoint y se compararon las tasas de mortalidad cruda antes y durante la pandemia para estimar la mortalidad en exceso.
RESULTADOS: Se observó una disminución significativa de la mortalidad por asma en Colombia entre 1990 y 2021 (AAPC: −1.5%; IC95%: −1.7 a −1.3), similar a la tendencia mundial. Sin embargo, durante 2020-2021 la mortalidad por asma se incrementó de 0.43 a 0.63 por cada 100,000 habitantes versus 2015-2019 (RR = 1.49; CI95%: 1.35-1.64), con un incremento relativo mayor en personas mayores de 65 años.
CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de la reducción sostenida de mortalidad por asma en Colombia durante tres décadas, la pandemia por COVID-19 se asoció con aumento significativo de las defunciones por esta causa, lo que resalta la necesidad de garantizar la continuidad de atención por enfermedades crónicas durante periodos de emergencia de salud pública.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Asma; Pandemia por COVID-19; Global Burden of Disease; Prevalencia; Colombia; Enfermedades crónicas; Salud pública; Emergencia.
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